https://lablator.blogfa.com fa blogfa.com Thu, 21 Jun 2012 18:57:51 +0330 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/119 branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses Although diseases caused by viruses have been known since the 1700s and cures for many were (somewhat later) effected, the causative agent was not closely examined until 1892, when a Russian bacteriologist, D. Ivanovski, observed that the causative agent (later proved to be a virus) of tobacco mosaic disease could pass through a porcelain filter impermeable to bacteria. Thu, 21 Jun 2012 18:57:51 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/119 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/118 Prostate cancer Introduction disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells within the prostate gland , a walnut-sized organ surrounding the urethra just below the bladder in males. Worldwide among males, the incidence of prostate cancer is surpassed only by lung and stomach cancers; among North American men, only skin cancer occurs more often. Prostate cancer is rare in men below the age of 50, and in North America the disease is twice as common in Fri, 13 May 2011 21:26:59 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/118 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/117 Breast cancer Introduction disease characterized by the growth of malignant cells in the mammary glands . Breast cancer can strike males and females, although women are about 100 times more likely to develop the disease than men. Most cancers in female breasts form shortly before, during, or after menopause, with three-quarters of all cases being diagnosed after age 50. Generally, the older a woman is, the greater is her likelihood of developing breast Fri, 13 May 2011 21:23:56 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/117 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/116 Stomach cancer Introduction also called gastric cancer a disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the stomach. The incidence of stomach cancer has decreased dramatically since the early 20th century in countries where refrigeration has replaced other methods of food preservation such as salting, smoking, and pickling. Stomach cancer rates remain high in countries where these processes are still used extensively. Fri, 13 May 2011 21:22:29 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/116 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/115 Empyema accumulation of pus in a cavity of the body, usually in the pleura, which are the serous membranes covering the lungs. Empyema is the result of a microbial, usually bacterial, infection in a body cavity. Thoracic empyema may be characterized by fever, coughing, shortness of breath, and weight loss, and the presence of fluid as ascertained by a chest X-ray. Treatment is directed at drainage of small amounts of pus through a needle or larger amounts Fri, 13 May 2011 21:20:37 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/115 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/114 Flying doctor service method for supplying medical service by airplane to areas where doctors are few and communications difficult. The plan for the first service of this type was conceived in 1912 by the Rev. John Flynn , superintendent of the Australian Inland Mission of the Presbyterian Church. Flynn's plan came to fruition in May 1928, when the first base of what is now the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia began operating at Cloncurry, Fri, 13 May 2011 20:49:23 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/114 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/113 ABO blood group system method of classifying human blood on the basis of the inherited properties of red blood cells ( erythrocytes ) as determined by their possession or lack of the antigens A and B, which are carried on the surface of the red cells. Persons may thus have type A , type B , type O , or type AB blood. The A, B, and O blood groups were first identified by Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner in 1901. Fri, 13 May 2011 20:44:09 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/113 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/112 surgery Introduction branch of medicine that is concerned with the treatment of injuries, diseases, and other disorders by manual and instrumental means. Surgery basically involves the management of acute injuries and illnesses as differentiated from chronic, slowly progressing diseases, except when patients with the latter type of disease must be operated upon. A general treatment of surgery follows. Fri, 13 May 2011 20:39:01 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/112 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/111 in human beings, the extent of an individual's continuing physical, emotional, mental, and social ability to cope with his environment. This definition, just one of many that are possible, has its drawbacks. The rather fragile individual who stays “well” within the ordinary environment of his or her existence may succumb to a heart attack from heavy shovelling after a snowstorm; or a sea-level dweller may move to a new home in the mountains, where the Fri, 13 May 2011 20:34:58 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/111 https://lablator.blogfa.com/post/110 inflammation of the liver that results from a variety of causes, both infectious and noninfectious. Infectious agents that cause hepatitis include viruses and parasites; noninfectious substances include certain drugs and toxic agents. In some instances hepatitis results from an autoimmune reaction directed against the liver cells of the body. Most cases of hepatitis are caused by viral infection. The viruses that give rise to liver inflammation include Fri, 13 May 2011 20:10:36 +0330 lablator lablator.blogfa.com/post/110